301 . Give the characteristic features of diabetes mellitus
Answer : 1.Glycosuria 2. Hyperglycemia 3. Decreased glucose tolerance
302 . Define polyuria
Answer : Polyuria means excretion
of increased quantity of urine. ( atleast 2.5 litres per day )
303 . What is polydipsia?
Polydipsia means excessive
thirst which leads to increased consumption of water.
304 . What is polyphagia?
Answer : Polyphagia means
excessive appetite leads to increased intake of food.
305 . What is the other name for type 1 diabetes ?
Answer : Juvenile diabetes
306 . Type 1 diabetes is called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM ). Why?
Answer : This disease require insulin
to control hyperglycemia
307 . Which is called non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM )?
Answer : Type 11
308 . Type 11 or NIDDM is also known as ______________
Answer : Maturity onset diabetes mellitus
309 . Which type of diabetes mellitus usually appears in childhood or in younger age group?
Answer : Type 1 or IDDM
310 . In Type 1 or IDDM patients insulin is either absent or nearly absent . Why?
Answer : Because of defective β
cells in the pancreas.
311 . Which type of diabetes usually occurs in middle age and obese persons?
Answer : Type 11 or NIDDM
312 . Which type of diabetes patients do not develop ketoacidosis?
Answer : Type 11 or NIDDM
313 . What is the reason for Type 11 or NIDDM ?
Answer : Decreased number of
insulin receptors ( cells responding to insulin and to which insulin binds ,
located on the plasma membrane )
314 . In which region insulin receptors are present?
Answer : Insulin receptors are present on the plasma
membrane of the cell (responding to
insulin and to which insulin binds )
315 . List out glycogen storage diseases.
Answer : Von Gierke’s disease ,
Pompe’s disease , Coris disease , Andersen’s disease , Mc Ardle’s , Her’s
disease .
316 . What is ketonuria?
Answer : When there is lack of insulin hexokinase
reaction is retarded . As a result blood glucose increases . Glycolysis and
tricarboxylic acid cycle are subsequently retarded . Oxidation of fat increases
which inturn produce excess amount of acetyl – CoA . Condensation of acetyl
CoA molecules produce excess amount of
ketone bodies. So ketone bodies are excreted in the urine . This is called
ketonuria.
317 . Fructose is converted into fructose – 1 – phosphate by __________
Answer : Phosphorylation ( wiyh
ATP )
318 . Which enzyme catalyse the conversion of fructose to fructose – 1 – phosphate ?
Answer : Fructokinase
319 . Which enzyme split fructose – 1 – phosphate to trioses, free aldehyde and dihydroxy acetone phosphate?
Answer : Aldolase
320 . In fructose metabolism fructose – 1 – phosphate is phosphorylated to form _____________
Answer :Fructose – 1 -6
–diphosphate
321 . What is the reason for fructosuria?
Answer :Reason for fructosuria
is lack of fructokinase .Which convert fructose to fructose – 1 – phosphate .This leads to accumulation
of fructose in blood and excretion in urine.
322 . Which enzyme catalyse the phosphorylation of galactose to galactose – 1 – phosphate?
Answer : Galactokinase
323 . Which one act as coenzyme in the conversion of galactose – 1 – phosphate to glucose – 1 – phosphate?
Answer : Uridine diphosphate glucose (
UDP – G)
324 . Which enzyme convert galactose – 1 – phosphate to glucose – 1 – phosphate?
Answer : Galactose – 1 –
phosphate – uridyl transferase
325 . What is the other name for epimerase enzyme?
Answer : Galacto – Waldenase
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